Women as Public Lecturers - Revision history

Hinds: /* Women Lecturers */

2012-06-12T19:20:23Z

Women Lecturers

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:20, 12 June 2012
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	==Women Lecturers==		==Women Lecturers==

-	~~Women Lecturers~~	+	The right to speak publicly was directly related to the full citizenship and political equality that women sought in the nineteenth century, beginning formally with Seneca Falls in 1848. See e.g. Susan Zaeske, “ ‘The Promiscuous Audience’ Controversy and the Emergence of the Early Woman’s Rights Movement,” 81 Quarterly J. of Speech 191 (1995). Women lecturers often got their start, as Laura Gordon did, as Spiritualist trance speakers who gave voice to deceased figures. They came into their own as speakers on abolition such as Anna Dickinson, the Grimke sisters, Lucy Stone and Susan Anthony. To their orations against slavery, some of the women lecturers added their own lack of liberty.
-	The right to speak publicly was directly related to the full citizenship and political equality that women sought in the nineteenth century, beginning formally with Seneca Falls in 1848. See e.g. Susan Zaeske, “ ‘The Promiscuous Audience’ Controversy and the Emergence of the Early Woman’s Rights Movement,” 81 Quarterly J. of Speech 191 (1995). Women lecturers often got their start, as Laura Gordon ~~had~~, as Spiritualist trance speakers~~, giving~~ voice to deceased figures. They came into their own as speakers on abolition such as Anna Dickinson, the Grimke sisters, Lucy Stone and Susan Anthony. To their orations against slavery, some of the women lecturers added their own lack of liberty.	+
	On women lecturers in the nineteenth century, see KARLYN KOHRS CAMPBELL, 1 MAN CANNOT SPEAK FOR HER: A CRITICAL STUDY OF EARLY FEMINIST RHETORIC (1989); II WOMEN PUBLIC SPEAKERS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1800-1925: A BIOCRITICAL SOURCEBOOK (Karlyn Kohrs Campbell ed., 1993); NAN JOHNSON, GENDER AND RHETORICAL SPACE IN AMERICAN LIFE 1866-1910 (2002) is particularly interesting on the general omission from the “canon” of even the most famous women speakers, including for instance, Anna Dickinson, Elizaeth Cady Stanton, Frances Williard and Mary Livermore. 160-171. She credits Doris G. Yoakum with “the first substantial attempt in twentieth-century historical scholarship to restore to the canon of American oratory a record of the achievement of inluential nineteenth century women speakers…” at 3, 171. Yoakum’s article appeared in “Women’s Introduction the American Platform” in A HISTORY AND CRITICISM OF AMERICAN PUBLIC ADDRESS (William Norwood Brigance, ed. 1943).		On women lecturers in the nineteenth century, see KARLYN KOHRS CAMPBELL, 1 MAN CANNOT SPEAK FOR HER: A CRITICAL STUDY OF EARLY FEMINIST RHETORIC (1989); II WOMEN PUBLIC SPEAKERS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1800-1925: A BIOCRITICAL SOURCEBOOK (Karlyn Kohrs Campbell ed., 1993); NAN JOHNSON, GENDER AND RHETORICAL SPACE IN AMERICAN LIFE 1866-1910 (2002) is particularly interesting on the general omission from the “canon” of even the most famous women speakers, including for instance, Anna Dickinson, Elizaeth Cady Stanton, Frances Williard and Mary Livermore. 160-171. She credits Doris G. Yoakum with “the first substantial attempt in twentieth-century historical scholarship to restore to the canon of American oratory a record of the achievement of inluential nineteenth century women speakers…” at 3, 171. Yoakum’s article appeared in “Women’s Introduction the American Platform” in A HISTORY AND CRITICISM OF AMERICAN PUBLIC ADDRESS (William Norwood Brigance, ed. 1943).
	By the mid -80’s when Clara Foltz did her nationwide touring, there were a number of women on the platform, though their sex was still a point of comment. Nineteenth century lecturers divided roughly into those that spoke mainly on a “cause” and those who focused more on entertainment or general education. Clara Foltz combined both modes, though she usually worked in mention of women's rights. Looking back on her lecturing career, Foltz wrote that: "I have spoken from the platform upon great themes, never omitting to mention woman suffrage straight." Foltz to Clara Colby, June 26, 1908 (Colby papers; Huntington Library). Like all the lecturers on the circuit, Foltz hoped to make money as well as converts. LORI D. GINZBURG, ELIZABETH CADY STANTON (2009) at 142-144 tells of the substantial sums Stanton was able to make as a lecturer in the early 1870s.		By the mid -80’s when Clara Foltz did her nationwide touring, there were a number of women on the platform, though their sex was still a point of comment. Nineteenth century lecturers divided roughly into those that spoke mainly on a “cause” and those who focused more on entertainment or general education. Clara Foltz combined both modes, though she usually worked in mention of women's rights. Looking back on her lecturing career, Foltz wrote that: "I have spoken from the platform upon great themes, never omitting to mention woman suffrage straight." Foltz to Clara Colby, June 26, 1908 (Colby papers; Huntington Library). Like all the lecturers on the circuit, Foltz hoped to make money as well as converts. LORI D. GINZBURG, ELIZABETH CADY STANTON (2009) at 142-144 tells of the substantial sums Stanton was able to make as a lecturer in the early 1870s.

Hinds: /* Lecturing and Lyceums Generally */

2012-06-12T19:18:32Z

Lecturing and Lyceums Generally

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:18, 12 June 2012
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	==Lecturing and Lyceums Generally==		==Lecturing and Lyceums Generally==

-	For additional information on the emergence of popular lecturing as a public event in the 1840s and lecturing as “an act in the construction of a professional or intellectual career,” see Donald M Scott, ''The Popular Lecture and the Creation of a Public in Mid-Nineteenth-Century America'', 66 J. AM. HIST. 791, 793 (1980). ''See also'' Scott, ''The Profession That Vanished: Public Lecturing in Mid-Nineteenth Century America'', ''in'' Professions and Professional Ideology in America (Gerald Gerson ed., 1983) (explaining the rise and decline of lecturing as a profession). Scott discusses how the new lecturer profession gave rise to another occupation, Lyceum manager. A Lyceums manager would book speakers to appear in towns large enough to support a season and help make travel or other arrangements.	+	For additional information on the emergence of popular lecturing as a public event in the 1840s and lecturing as “an act in the construction of a professional or intellectual career,” see Donald M Scott, ''The Popular Lecture and the Creation of a Public in Mid-Nineteenth-Century America'', 66 J. AM. HIST. 791, 793 (1980). ''See also'' Scott, ''The Profession That Vanished: Public Lecturing in Mid-Nineteenth Century America'', in Professions and Professional Ideology in America (Gerald Gerson ed., 1983) (explaining the rise and decline of lecturing as a profession). Scott discusses how the new lecturer profession gave rise to another occupation, Lyceum manager. A Lyceums manager would book speakers to appear in towns large enough to support a season and help make travel or other arrangements.

Hinds: /* Lecturing and Lyceums Generally */

2012-06-12T19:17:34Z

Lecturing and Lyceums Generally

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:17, 12 June 2012
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	==Lecturing and Lyceums Generally==		==Lecturing and Lyceums Generally==

-	On the emergence of popular lecturing as a public event in the 1840s and lecturing as “an act in the construction of a professional or intellectual career,” see Donald M Scott, ''The Popular Lecture and the Creation of a Public in Mid-Nineteenth-Century America'', 66 J. AM. HIST. 791, 793 (1980). ''See also'' Scott, ''The Profession That Vanished: Public Lecturing in Mid-Nineteenth Century America'', ''in'' ~~PROFESSIONS AND PROFESSIONAL IDEOLOGY IN AMERICA~~ (Gerald Gerson ed., 1983) (explaining ~~the~~ the rise and decline of lecturing as a profession). Scott ~~tells~~ how the new ~~profession of~~ lecturer gave rise to another occupation, Lyceum manager~~, a person who~~ would book speakers ~~into~~ towns large enough to support a season, and help to make travel ~~and~~ other arrangements.	+	For additional information on the emergence of popular lecturing as a public event in the 1840s and lecturing as “an act in the construction of a professional or intellectual career,” see Donald M Scott, ''The Popular Lecture and the Creation of a Public in Mid-Nineteenth-Century America'', 66 J. AM. HIST. 791, 793 (1980). ''See also'' Scott, ''The Profession That Vanished: Public Lecturing in Mid-Nineteenth Century America'', ''in'' Professions and Professional Ideology in America (Gerald Gerson ed., 1983) (explaining the rise and decline of lecturing as a profession). Scott discusses how the new lecturer profession gave rise to another occupation, Lyceum manager. A Lyceums manager would book speakers to appear in towns large enough to support a season and help make travel or other arrangements.


-	J. ~~MATTHEW GALLMAN~~, ~~AMERICA’S JOAN OF ARC~~: ~~THE LIFE OF ANNA ELIZABETH DICKINSON~~: ~~THE STORY OF A REMARKABLE WOMAN~~ (2006) describes the post-war rise of the Lyceums, and of James Redpath, the founder of the Lyceum movement at 66. Redpath was Dickinson’s impresario; also ~~on his client list were~~ Mark Twin, Henry Ward Beecher, Wendell Phillips, and many other well-known figures. ''See also'' ~~CHARLES~~ F. ~~HORNER~~, ~~THE LIFE OF JAMES REDPATH AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN LYCEUM~~ (1926). ~~A modern recounting~~ of ~~Redpath’s~~ varied activities~~, ranging from~~ colonizing in Haiti to supporting John Brown, to his much more successful Lyceum bureau ~~is JOHN MCKIVIGAN, FORGOTTEN FIREBRAND: JAMES REDPATH AND THE MAKING OF NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICA (2008)~~. Major J.B. Pond, ~~ECCENTRICITIES OF GENIUS~~: ~~MEMORIES OF FAMOUS MEN AND WOMEN OF THE PLATFORM AND STAGE~~ (1900) is a delightful contemporary look at public lecturing. He has a separate section on “women lecturers and singers”, which covers the lecturing careers of Susan Anthony, Anna Dickinson, Lucy Stone, Mary Livermore and Julia Ward Howe.	+	J. Matthew Gallman, ''America's Joan of Arc: The Life of Anna Elizabeth Dickinson: The Story of a Remarkable Woman'' (2006) describes the post-war rise of the Lyceums and of James Redpath, the founder of the Lyceum movement at 66. Redpath was Dickinson’s impresario and he also served clients such as Mark Twin, Henry Ward Beecher, Wendell Phillips, and many other well-known figures. ''See also'' Charles F. Horner, ''The Life of James Redpath and the Development of the Modern Lyceum'' (1926). In ''Forgotten Firebrand: James Redpath and the Making of Nineteenth-Century America'' (2008), John McKivigan recounts Redpath's varied activities which included colonizing Haiti, supporting John Brown, and running his much more successful Lyceum bureau. Major J.B. Pond, ''Eccentricities of Genius: Memories of Famous Men and Women of the Platform and Stage'' (1900) is a delightful contemporary look at public lecturing. Pond has a separate section on “women lecturers and singers”, which covers the lecturing careers of Susan Anthony, Anna Dickinson, Lucy Stone, Mary Livermore and Julia Ward Howe.


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-	The best known public orator in the late nineteenth century was Robert Ingersoll~~, (~~Marilla Ricker’s mentor; see Bibliographic Note: Women Lawyers History). Despite the fact that he was a free-thinker in religion, indeed the leader of the movement, Ingersoll drew huge audiences. He spoke on the clash of religion and science ~~as his main subject~~, but also talked about women’s rights, civil rights for freedmen, and literary and historical subjects. In the days before radio and moving pictures he was said to have been heard and seen by more Americans than any other man in America. ''See generally'', Frank Smith, ~~ROBERT~~ G. ~~INGERSOLL~~: A ~~LIFE~~ (1990).	+	The best known public orator in the late nineteenth century was Robert Ingersoll-Marilla Ricker’s mentor (see Bibliographic Note: Women Lawyers History). Despite the fact that he was a free-thinker in religion, indeed the leader of the movement, Ingersoll drew huge audiences. He spoke primarily on the clash of religion and science, but also talked about women’s rights, civil rights for freedmen, and other literary and historical subjects. In the days before radio and moving pictures he was said to have been heard and seen by more Americans than any other man in America. ''See generally'', Frank Smith, ''Robert G. Ingersoll: A Life (1990).

	==Women Lecturers==		==Women Lecturers==

Babcock: /* Women Lecturers */

2011-03-18T17:01:47Z

Women Lecturers

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:01, 18 March 2011
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	==Women Lecturers==		==Women Lecturers==

-	Women ~~sought the~~ right to speak publicly ~~as part of~~ the ~~movement~~ that ~~started at~~ Seneca Falls in 1848. Women lecturers often got their start, as Laura Gordon had, as Spiritualist trance speakers, giving voice to deceased figures. They came into their own as speakers on abolition such as Anna Dickinson, the Grimke sisters, Lucy Stone and Susan Anthony. To their orations against slavery, some of the women lecturers added their own lack of liberty. ~~By the mid -80’s when Clara Foltz did her nationwide touring, there were a number of women on the platform, though her sex was still a point of comment.~~ On women in the ~~lecture field generally~~, see KARLYN KOHRS CAMPBELL, 1 MAN CANNOT SPEAK FOR HER: A CRITICAL STUDY OF EARLY FEMINIST RHETORIC (1989); WOMEN PUBLIC SPEAKERS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1800-1925: A BIOCRITICAL SOURCEBOOK (Karlyn Kohrs Campbell ed., 1993); NAN JOHNSON, GENDER AND RHETORICAL SPACE IN AMERICAN LIFE 1866-1910 (2002).	+	Women Lecturers
		+	The right to speak publicly was directly related to the full citizenship and political equality that women sought in the nineteenth century, beginning formally with Seneca Falls in 1848. See e.g. Susan Zaeske, “ ‘The Promiscuous Audience’ Controversy and the Emergence of the Early Woman’s Rights Movement,” 81 Quarterly J. of Speech 191 (1995). Women lecturers often got their start, as Laura Gordon had, as Spiritualist trance speakers, giving voice to deceased figures. They came into their own as speakers on abolition such as Anna Dickinson, the Grimke sisters, Lucy Stone and Susan Anthony. To their orations against slavery, some of the women lecturers added their own lack of liberty.
		+	On women lecturers in the nineteenth century, see KARLYN KOHRS CAMPBELL, 1 MAN CANNOT SPEAK FOR HER: A CRITICAL STUDY OF EARLY FEMINIST RHETORIC (1989); II WOMEN PUBLIC SPEAKERS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1800-1925: A BIOCRITICAL SOURCEBOOK (Karlyn Kohrs Campbell ed., 1993); NAN JOHNSON, GENDER AND RHETORICAL SPACE IN AMERICAN LIFE 1866-1910 (2002) is particularly interesting on the general omission from the “canon” of even the most famous women speakers, including for instance, Anna Dickinson, Elizaeth Cady Stanton, Frances Williard and Mary Livermore. 160-171. She credits Doris G. Yoakum with “the first substantial attempt in twentieth-century historical scholarship to restore to the canon of American oratory a record of the achievement of inluential nineteenth century women speakers…” at 3, 171. Yoakum’s article appeared in “Women’s Introduction the American Platform” in A HISTORY AND CRITICISM OF AMERICAN PUBLIC ADDRESS (William Norwood Brigance, ed. 1943).
		+	By the mid -80’s when Clara Foltz did her nationwide touring, there were a number of women on the platform, though their sex was still a point of comment. Nineteenth century lecturers divided roughly into those that spoke mainly on a “cause” and those who focused more on entertainment or general education. Clara Foltz combined both modes, though she usually worked in mention of women's rights. Looking back on her lecturing career, Foltz wrote that: "I have spoken from the platform upon great themes, never omitting to mention woman suffrage straight." Foltz to Clara Colby, June 26, 1908 (Colby papers; Huntington Library). Like all the lecturers on the circuit, Foltz hoped to make money as well as converts. LORI D. GINZBURG, ELIZABETH CADY STANTON (2009) at 142-144 tells of the substantial sums Stanton was able to make as a lecturer in the early 1870s.
		+
		+	Vivid contemporary accounts of lecturing in the nineteenth century are WARREN CHASE, FORTY YEARS ON THE SPIRITUAL ROSTRUM (1888) and MARY LIVERMORE, THE STORY OF MY LIFE (1897). (Foltz knew both these lecturers; Chase lived in San Jose in 1879-1880 and Mary Livermore lectured there and was entertained by Sarah Knox Goodrich, Struggles, May, 1916.)Chase and Livermore tell funny and harrowing stories of their travel experiences and relate that they stayed mostly in private homes rather than hotels. JILL NORGREN, BELVA LOCKWOOD, at 143-54, describes Lockwood’s platform experience over the eight years she took it up after the 1884 Presidential campaign, citing both Frances Willard and Elizabeth Stanton on the difficulties of travel and making arrangements.
		+


-	Nineteenth century lecturers divided roughly into those that spoke mainly on a “cause” and those who focused more on entertainment or general education. Clara Foltz combined both modes, though she usually worked in mention of women's rights. Looking back on her lecturing career, Foltz wrote that: "I have spoken from the platform upon great themes, never omitting to mention woman suffrage straight." Foltz to Clara Colby, June 26, 1908 (Colby papers; Huntington Library. Like all the lecturers on the circuit, Foltz hoped to make money as well as converts.


-	Vivid accounts of lecturing in the nineteenth century are WARREN CHASE, FORTY YEARS ON THE SPIRITUAL ROSTRUM (1888) and MARY LIVERMORE, THE STORY OF MY LIFE (1897). (Foltz knew both these lecturers; Chase lived in San Jose in 1879-1880 and Mary Livermore lectured there and was entertained by Sarah Knox Goodrich, Struggles, May, 1916.) Both Chase and Livermore tell funny and harrowing stories of their travel experiences and relate that they stayed mostly in private homes rather than hotels. JILL NORGREN, BELVA LOCKWOOD, at 143-54, describes Lockwood’s platform experience over the eight years she took it up after the 1884 Presidential campaign, citing both Frances Willard and Elizabeth Stanton on the difficulties of travel and making arrangements. LORI D. GINZBURG, ELIZABETH CADY STANTON (2009) at 142-144 tells of the substantial sums Stanton was able to make as a lecturer in the early 1870s.


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-	The career of Anna Dickinson (described in Chapter 2) showed the financial possibilities of the lecture circuit. Dubbed “The Joan of Arc of the Unionist Cause,” she had been a major abolitionist speaker before and during the War. Afterwards, Dickinson became a celebrity on the Lyceum circuit (as well as a paid political orator) where she spoke on a variety of subjects, including women’s and freedmen’s rights. For awhile, ~~she~~ averaged 150 lectures, and as much as $20,000 (about $330,000 in modern times) a season. GALLMAN, at 66. ''See also'' JAMES HARVEY YOUNG, NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN (Anna Dickinson entry) 1980). Gallman described the 1888 campaign, Dickinson’s last on the political oratory circuit. She ended up suing the Republican Party for failing to pay her according to her contract. ''Id''. at 173-177. ''See also'' GIRAUD CHESTER, EMBATTLED MAIDEN: THE LIFE OF ANNA DICKINSON (1951).	+	The career of Anna Dickinson (described in Chapter 2) showed the financial possibilities of the lecture circuit. Dubbed “The Joan of Arc of the Unionist Cause,” she had been a major abolitionist speaker before and during the War. Afterwards, Dickinson became a celebrity on the Lyceum circuit (as well as a paid political orator) where she spoke on a variety of subjects, including women’s and freedmen’s rights. Though Foltz apparently did not ever meet Dickinson, she probably read her memoir, A RAGGED REGISTER (OF PEOPLE, PLACES AND OPINIONS) (1879)with its many wryly told stories of unreceptive and rude audiences. For awhile, Dickenson averaged 150 lectures, and as much as $20,000 (about $330,000 in modern times) a season. GALLMAN, at 66. ''See also'' JAMES HARVEY YOUNG, NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN (Anna Dickinson entry) 1980). Gallman described the 1888 campaign, Dickinson’s last on the political oratory circuit. She ended up suing the Republican Party for failing to pay her according to her contract. ''Id''. at 173-177. ''See also'' GIRAUD CHESTER, EMBATTLED MAIDEN: THE LIFE OF ANNA DICKINSON (1951).

Jalss: /* Kate Field */

2010-12-29T21:01:18Z

Kate Field

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:01, 29 December 2010
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-	Perhaps the woman lecturer most on a par with Ingersoll for drawing large audiences was Kate Field. GARY SCHARNHORST, KATE FIELD: THE MANY LIVES OF A NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICAN JOURNALIST (2008) is a full and readable biography of Field. Field’s San Diego visit, in which she and Foltz spent time together (see chapter 2) is described at 189-194, but does not mention Foltz. ''See'' David Baldwin, ''Kate Field Entry'' '' in'' NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN. For a vivid contemporary account of Field, see LILIAN WHITING, KATE FIELD: A RECORD (1899).	+	Perhaps the woman lecturer most on a par with Ingersoll for drawing large audiences was Kate Field. GARY SCHARNHORST, KATE FIELD: THE MANY LIVES OF A NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICAN JOURNALIST (2008) is a full and readable biography of Field. Field’s San Diego visit, in which she and Foltz spent time together (see chapter 2) is described at 189-194, but does not mention Foltz. ''See'' David Baldwin, ''Kate Field Entry'' '' in'', NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN. For a vivid contemporary account of Field, see LILIAN WHITING, KATE FIELD: A RECORD (1899).

Jalss at 05:06, 21 December 2010

2010-12-21T05:06:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:06, 21 December 2010
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	On the emergence of popular lecturing as a public event in the 1840s and lecturing as “an act in the construction of a professional or intellectual career,” see Donald M Scott, ''The Popular Lecture and the Creation of a Public in Mid-Nineteenth-Century America'', 66 J. AM. HIST. 791, 793 (1980). ''See also'' Scott, ''The Profession That Vanished: Public Lecturing in Mid-Nineteenth Century America'', ''in'' PROFESSIONS AND PROFESSIONAL IDEOLOGY IN AMERICA (Gerald Gerson ed., 1983) (explaining the the rise and decline of lecturing as a profession). Scott tells how the new profession of lecturer gave rise to another occupation, Lyceum manager, a person who would book speakers into towns large enough to support a season, and help to make travel and other arrangements.		On the emergence of popular lecturing as a public event in the 1840s and lecturing as “an act in the construction of a professional or intellectual career,” see Donald M Scott, ''The Popular Lecture and the Creation of a Public in Mid-Nineteenth-Century America'', 66 J. AM. HIST. 791, 793 (1980). ''See also'' Scott, ''The Profession That Vanished: Public Lecturing in Mid-Nineteenth Century America'', ''in'' PROFESSIONS AND PROFESSIONAL IDEOLOGY IN AMERICA (Gerald Gerson ed., 1983) (explaining the the rise and decline of lecturing as a profession). Scott tells how the new profession of lecturer gave rise to another occupation, Lyceum manager, a person who would book speakers into towns large enough to support a season, and help to make travel and other arrangements.
		+

	J. MATTHEW GALLMAN, AMERICA’S JOAN OF ARC: THE LIFE OF ANNA ELIZABETH DICKINSON: THE STORY OF A REMARKABLE WOMAN (2006) describes the post-war rise of the Lyceums, and of James Redpath, the founder of the Lyceum movement at 66. Redpath was Dickinson’s impresario; also on his client list were Mark Twin, Henry Ward Beecher, Wendell Phillips, and many other well-known figures. ''See also'' CHARLES F. HORNER, THE LIFE OF JAMES REDPATH AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN LYCEUM (1926). A modern recounting of Redpath’s varied activities, ranging from colonizing in Haiti to supporting John Brown, to his much more successful Lyceum bureau is JOHN MCKIVIGAN, FORGOTTEN FIREBRAND: JAMES REDPATH AND THE MAKING OF NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICA (2008). Major J.B. Pond, ECCENTRICITIES OF GENIUS: MEMORIES OF FAMOUS MEN AND WOMEN OF THE PLATFORM AND STAGE (1900) is a delightful contemporary look at public lecturing. He has a separate section on “women lecturers and singers”, which covers the lecturing careers of Susan Anthony, Anna Dickinson, Lucy Stone, Mary Livermore and Julia Ward Howe.		J. MATTHEW GALLMAN, AMERICA’S JOAN OF ARC: THE LIFE OF ANNA ELIZABETH DICKINSON: THE STORY OF A REMARKABLE WOMAN (2006) describes the post-war rise of the Lyceums, and of James Redpath, the founder of the Lyceum movement at 66. Redpath was Dickinson’s impresario; also on his client list were Mark Twin, Henry Ward Beecher, Wendell Phillips, and many other well-known figures. ''See also'' CHARLES F. HORNER, THE LIFE OF JAMES REDPATH AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN LYCEUM (1926). A modern recounting of Redpath’s varied activities, ranging from colonizing in Haiti to supporting John Brown, to his much more successful Lyceum bureau is JOHN MCKIVIGAN, FORGOTTEN FIREBRAND: JAMES REDPATH AND THE MAKING OF NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICA (2008). Major J.B. Pond, ECCENTRICITIES OF GENIUS: MEMORIES OF FAMOUS MEN AND WOMEN OF THE PLATFORM AND STAGE (1900) is a delightful contemporary look at public lecturing. He has a separate section on “women lecturers and singers”, which covers the lecturing careers of Susan Anthony, Anna Dickinson, Lucy Stone, Mary Livermore and Julia Ward Howe.
		+

	===Robert Ingersoll===		===Robert Ingersoll===
	----		----
-

	The best known public orator in the late nineteenth century was Robert Ingersoll, (Marilla Ricker’s mentor; see Bibliographic Note: Women Lawyers History). Despite the fact that he was a free-thinker in religion, indeed the leader of the movement, Ingersoll drew huge audiences. He spoke on the clash of religion and science as his main subject, but also talked about women’s rights, civil rights for freedmen, and literary and historical subjects. In the days before radio and moving pictures he was said to have been heard and seen by more Americans than any other man in America. ''See generally'', Frank Smith, ROBERT G. INGERSOLL: A LIFE (1990).		The best known public orator in the late nineteenth century was Robert Ingersoll, (Marilla Ricker’s mentor; see Bibliographic Note: Women Lawyers History). Despite the fact that he was a free-thinker in religion, indeed the leader of the movement, Ingersoll drew huge audiences. He spoke on the clash of religion and science as his main subject, but also talked about women’s rights, civil rights for freedmen, and literary and historical subjects. In the days before radio and moving pictures he was said to have been heard and seen by more Americans than any other man in America. ''See generally'', Frank Smith, ROBERT G. INGERSOLL: A LIFE (1990).
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	Women sought the right to speak publicly as part of the movement that started at Seneca Falls in 1848. Women lecturers often got their start, as Laura Gordon had, as Spiritualist trance speakers, giving voice to deceased figures. They came into their own as speakers on abolition such as Anna Dickinson, the Grimke sisters, Lucy Stone and Susan Anthony. To their orations against slavery, some of the women lecturers added their own lack of liberty. By the mid -80’s when Clara Foltz did her nationwide touring, there were a number of women on the platform, though her sex was still a point of comment. On women in the lecture field generally, see KARLYN KOHRS CAMPBELL, 1 MAN CANNOT SPEAK FOR HER: A CRITICAL STUDY OF EARLY FEMINIST RHETORIC (1989); WOMEN PUBLIC SPEAKERS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1800-1925: A BIOCRITICAL SOURCEBOOK (Karlyn Kohrs Campbell ed., 1993); NAN JOHNSON, GENDER AND RHETORICAL SPACE IN AMERICAN LIFE 1866-1910 (2002).		Women sought the right to speak publicly as part of the movement that started at Seneca Falls in 1848. Women lecturers often got their start, as Laura Gordon had, as Spiritualist trance speakers, giving voice to deceased figures. They came into their own as speakers on abolition such as Anna Dickinson, the Grimke sisters, Lucy Stone and Susan Anthony. To their orations against slavery, some of the women lecturers added their own lack of liberty. By the mid -80’s when Clara Foltz did her nationwide touring, there were a number of women on the platform, though her sex was still a point of comment. On women in the lecture field generally, see KARLYN KOHRS CAMPBELL, 1 MAN CANNOT SPEAK FOR HER: A CRITICAL STUDY OF EARLY FEMINIST RHETORIC (1989); WOMEN PUBLIC SPEAKERS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1800-1925: A BIOCRITICAL SOURCEBOOK (Karlyn Kohrs Campbell ed., 1993); NAN JOHNSON, GENDER AND RHETORICAL SPACE IN AMERICAN LIFE 1866-1910 (2002).
		+

	Nineteenth century lecturers divided roughly into those that spoke mainly on a “cause” and those who focused more on entertainment or general education. Clara Foltz combined both modes, though she usually worked in mention of women's rights. Looking back on her lecturing career, Foltz wrote that: "I have spoken from the platform upon great themes, never omitting to mention woman suffrage straight." Foltz to Clara Colby, June 26, 1908 (Colby papers; Huntington Library. Like all the lecturers on the circuit, Foltz hoped to make money as well as converts.		Nineteenth century lecturers divided roughly into those that spoke mainly on a “cause” and those who focused more on entertainment or general education. Clara Foltz combined both modes, though she usually worked in mention of women's rights. Looking back on her lecturing career, Foltz wrote that: "I have spoken from the platform upon great themes, never omitting to mention woman suffrage straight." Foltz to Clara Colby, June 26, 1908 (Colby papers; Huntington Library. Like all the lecturers on the circuit, Foltz hoped to make money as well as converts.
		+

	Vivid accounts of lecturing in the nineteenth century are WARREN CHASE, FORTY YEARS ON THE SPIRITUAL ROSTRUM (1888) and MARY LIVERMORE, THE STORY OF MY LIFE (1897). (Foltz knew both these lecturers; Chase lived in San Jose in 1879-1880 and Mary Livermore lectured there and was entertained by Sarah Knox Goodrich, Struggles, May, 1916.) Both Chase and Livermore tell funny and harrowing stories of their travel experiences and relate that they stayed mostly in private homes rather than hotels. JILL NORGREN, BELVA LOCKWOOD, at 143-54, describes Lockwood’s platform experience over the eight years she took it up after the 1884 Presidential campaign, citing both Frances Willard and Elizabeth Stanton on the difficulties of travel and making arrangements. LORI D. GINZBURG, ELIZABETH CADY STANTON (2009) at 142-144 tells of the substantial sums Stanton was able to make as a lecturer in the early 1870s.		Vivid accounts of lecturing in the nineteenth century are WARREN CHASE, FORTY YEARS ON THE SPIRITUAL ROSTRUM (1888) and MARY LIVERMORE, THE STORY OF MY LIFE (1897). (Foltz knew both these lecturers; Chase lived in San Jose in 1879-1880 and Mary Livermore lectured there and was entertained by Sarah Knox Goodrich, Struggles, May, 1916.) Both Chase and Livermore tell funny and harrowing stories of their travel experiences and relate that they stayed mostly in private homes rather than hotels. JILL NORGREN, BELVA LOCKWOOD, at 143-54, describes Lockwood’s platform experience over the eight years she took it up after the 1884 Presidential campaign, citing both Frances Willard and Elizabeth Stanton on the difficulties of travel and making arrangements. LORI D. GINZBURG, ELIZABETH CADY STANTON (2009) at 142-144 tells of the substantial sums Stanton was able to make as a lecturer in the early 1870s.
		+

	===Foltz's First Lecturing Tour===		===Foltz's First Lecturing Tour===
Line 25:		Line 29:

	On her initial lecturing tour in 1885, recounted in Chapter Two, Foltz had an agent to precede her, rent halls, alert the newspapers and organize sponsors. Frank Stechan was a theater manager in San Francisco who hoped ultimately to go into the “Lyceum” business, booking a stable of speakers into places large enough to have a lecture season. She and Stechan parted ways in Chicago, however, and Foltz signed up with the Slayton Lyceum Bureau, Belva Lockwood’s agent. Abigail Duniway reported these developments and added that Stechan had mishandled Foltz’s Portland lectures. Letter from Foltz to Duniway, N.Northwest, Feb. 1886. Henry Slayton was a lawyer, a lieutenant in a black regiment in the civil war, and an educator. His Lyceum was widely thought to be the first and best in the west. CHICAGO AND ITS DISTINGUISHED CITIZENS, (David Ward Wood, ed), (1881). He had many distinguished clients including Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan Anthony.		On her initial lecturing tour in 1885, recounted in Chapter Two, Foltz had an agent to precede her, rent halls, alert the newspapers and organize sponsors. Frank Stechan was a theater manager in San Francisco who hoped ultimately to go into the “Lyceum” business, booking a stable of speakers into places large enough to have a lecture season. She and Stechan parted ways in Chicago, however, and Foltz signed up with the Slayton Lyceum Bureau, Belva Lockwood’s agent. Abigail Duniway reported these developments and added that Stechan had mishandled Foltz’s Portland lectures. Letter from Foltz to Duniway, N.Northwest, Feb. 1886. Henry Slayton was a lawyer, a lieutenant in a black regiment in the civil war, and an educator. His Lyceum was widely thought to be the first and best in the west. CHICAGO AND ITS DISTINGUISHED CITIZENS, (David Ward Wood, ed), (1881). He had many distinguished clients including Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan Anthony.
		+

	===Anna Dickinson===		===Anna Dickinson===
	----		----
-

	The career of Anna Dickinson (described in Chapter 2) showed the financial possibilities of the lecture circuit. Dubbed “The Joan of Arc of the Unionist Cause,” she had been a major abolitionist speaker before and during the War. Afterwards, Dickinson became a celebrity on the Lyceum circuit (as well as a paid political orator) where she spoke on a variety of subjects, including women’s and freedmen’s rights. For awhile, she averaged 150 lectures, and as much as $20,000 (about $330,000 in modern times) a season. GALLMAN, at 66. ''See also'' JAMES HARVEY YOUNG, NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN (Anna Dickinson entry) 1980). Gallman described the 1888 campaign, Dickinson’s last on the political oratory circuit. She ended up suing the Republican Party for failing to pay her according to her contract. ''Id''. at 173-177. ''See also'' GIRAUD CHESTER, EMBATTLED MAIDEN: THE LIFE OF ANNA DICKINSON (1951).		The career of Anna Dickinson (described in Chapter 2) showed the financial possibilities of the lecture circuit. Dubbed “The Joan of Arc of the Unionist Cause,” she had been a major abolitionist speaker before and during the War. Afterwards, Dickinson became a celebrity on the Lyceum circuit (as well as a paid political orator) where she spoke on a variety of subjects, including women’s and freedmen’s rights. For awhile, she averaged 150 lectures, and as much as $20,000 (about $330,000 in modern times) a season. GALLMAN, at 66. ''See also'' JAMES HARVEY YOUNG, NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN (Anna Dickinson entry) 1980). Gallman described the 1888 campaign, Dickinson’s last on the political oratory circuit. She ended up suing the Republican Party for failing to pay her according to her contract. ''Id''. at 173-177. ''See also'' GIRAUD CHESTER, EMBATTLED MAIDEN: THE LIFE OF ANNA DICKINSON (1951).
		+

	===Kate Field===		===Kate Field===

Jalss at 05:05, 21 December 2010

2010-12-21T05:05:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:05, 21 December 2010
Line 6:		Line 6:

	J. MATTHEW GALLMAN, AMERICA’S JOAN OF ARC: THE LIFE OF ANNA ELIZABETH DICKINSON: THE STORY OF A REMARKABLE WOMAN (2006) describes the post-war rise of the Lyceums, and of James Redpath, the founder of the Lyceum movement at 66. Redpath was Dickinson’s impresario; also on his client list were Mark Twin, Henry Ward Beecher, Wendell Phillips, and many other well-known figures. ''See also'' CHARLES F. HORNER, THE LIFE OF JAMES REDPATH AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN LYCEUM (1926). A modern recounting of Redpath’s varied activities, ranging from colonizing in Haiti to supporting John Brown, to his much more successful Lyceum bureau is JOHN MCKIVIGAN, FORGOTTEN FIREBRAND: JAMES REDPATH AND THE MAKING OF NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICA (2008). Major J.B. Pond, ECCENTRICITIES OF GENIUS: MEMORIES OF FAMOUS MEN AND WOMEN OF THE PLATFORM AND STAGE (1900) is a delightful contemporary look at public lecturing. He has a separate section on “women lecturers and singers”, which covers the lecturing careers of Susan Anthony, Anna Dickinson, Lucy Stone, Mary Livermore and Julia Ward Howe.		J. MATTHEW GALLMAN, AMERICA’S JOAN OF ARC: THE LIFE OF ANNA ELIZABETH DICKINSON: THE STORY OF A REMARKABLE WOMAN (2006) describes the post-war rise of the Lyceums, and of James Redpath, the founder of the Lyceum movement at 66. Redpath was Dickinson’s impresario; also on his client list were Mark Twin, Henry Ward Beecher, Wendell Phillips, and many other well-known figures. ''See also'' CHARLES F. HORNER, THE LIFE OF JAMES REDPATH AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN LYCEUM (1926). A modern recounting of Redpath’s varied activities, ranging from colonizing in Haiti to supporting John Brown, to his much more successful Lyceum bureau is JOHN MCKIVIGAN, FORGOTTEN FIREBRAND: JAMES REDPATH AND THE MAKING OF NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICA (2008). Major J.B. Pond, ECCENTRICITIES OF GENIUS: MEMORIES OF FAMOUS MEN AND WOMEN OF THE PLATFORM AND STAGE (1900) is a delightful contemporary look at public lecturing. He has a separate section on “women lecturers and singers”, which covers the lecturing careers of Susan Anthony, Anna Dickinson, Lucy Stone, Mary Livermore and Julia Ward Howe.
		+
		+	===Robert Ingersoll===
		+	----
		+

	The best known public orator in the late nineteenth century was Robert Ingersoll, (Marilla Ricker’s mentor; see Bibliographic Note: Women Lawyers History). Despite the fact that he was a free-thinker in religion, indeed the leader of the movement, Ingersoll drew huge audiences. He spoke on the clash of religion and science as his main subject, but also talked about women’s rights, civil rights for freedmen, and literary and historical subjects. In the days before radio and moving pictures he was said to have been heard and seen by more Americans than any other man in America. ''See generally'', Frank Smith, ROBERT G. INGERSOLL: A LIFE (1990).		The best known public orator in the late nineteenth century was Robert Ingersoll, (Marilla Ricker’s mentor; see Bibliographic Note: Women Lawyers History). Despite the fact that he was a free-thinker in religion, indeed the leader of the movement, Ingersoll drew huge audiences. He spoke on the clash of religion and science as his main subject, but also talked about women’s rights, civil rights for freedmen, and literary and historical subjects. In the days before radio and moving pictures he was said to have been heard and seen by more Americans than any other man in America. ''See generally'', Frank Smith, ROBERT G. INGERSOLL: A LIFE (1990).
Line 23:		Line 27:

	===Anna Dickinson===		===Anna Dickinson===
-	---	+	----
		+

	The career of Anna Dickinson (described in Chapter 2) showed the financial possibilities of the lecture circuit. Dubbed “The Joan of Arc of the Unionist Cause,” she had been a major abolitionist speaker before and during the War. Afterwards, Dickinson became a celebrity on the Lyceum circuit (as well as a paid political orator) where she spoke on a variety of subjects, including women’s and freedmen’s rights. For awhile, she averaged 150 lectures, and as much as $20,000 (about $330,000 in modern times) a season. GALLMAN, at 66. ''See also'' JAMES HARVEY YOUNG, NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN (Anna Dickinson entry) 1980). Gallman described the 1888 campaign, Dickinson’s last on the political oratory circuit. She ended up suing the Republican Party for failing to pay her according to her contract. ''Id''. at 173-177. ''See also'' GIRAUD CHESTER, EMBATTLED MAIDEN: THE LIFE OF ANNA DICKINSON (1951).		The career of Anna Dickinson (described in Chapter 2) showed the financial possibilities of the lecture circuit. Dubbed “The Joan of Arc of the Unionist Cause,” she had been a major abolitionist speaker before and during the War. Afterwards, Dickinson became a celebrity on the Lyceum circuit (as well as a paid political orator) where she spoke on a variety of subjects, including women’s and freedmen’s rights. For awhile, she averaged 150 lectures, and as much as $20,000 (about $330,000 in modern times) a season. GALLMAN, at 66. ''See also'' JAMES HARVEY YOUNG, NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN (Anna Dickinson entry) 1980). Gallman described the 1888 campaign, Dickinson’s last on the political oratory circuit. She ended up suing the Republican Party for failing to pay her according to her contract. ''Id''. at 173-177. ''See also'' GIRAUD CHESTER, EMBATTLED MAIDEN: THE LIFE OF ANNA DICKINSON (1951).

Jalss at 05:03, 21 December 2010

2010-12-21T05:03:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:03, 21 December 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	This Note discusses the emergence of	+	This Note discusses the emergence of lecturing as a public event and women's involvement on the lecturing circuit.

	==Lecturing and Lyceums Generally==		==Lecturing and Lyceums Generally==
Line 6:		Line 6:

	J. MATTHEW GALLMAN, AMERICA’S JOAN OF ARC: THE LIFE OF ANNA ELIZABETH DICKINSON: THE STORY OF A REMARKABLE WOMAN (2006) describes the post-war rise of the Lyceums, and of James Redpath, the founder of the Lyceum movement at 66. Redpath was Dickinson’s impresario; also on his client list were Mark Twin, Henry Ward Beecher, Wendell Phillips, and many other well-known figures. ''See also'' CHARLES F. HORNER, THE LIFE OF JAMES REDPATH AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN LYCEUM (1926). A modern recounting of Redpath’s varied activities, ranging from colonizing in Haiti to supporting John Brown, to his much more successful Lyceum bureau is JOHN MCKIVIGAN, FORGOTTEN FIREBRAND: JAMES REDPATH AND THE MAKING OF NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICA (2008). Major J.B. Pond, ECCENTRICITIES OF GENIUS: MEMORIES OF FAMOUS MEN AND WOMEN OF THE PLATFORM AND STAGE (1900) is a delightful contemporary look at public lecturing. He has a separate section on “women lecturers and singers”, which covers the lecturing careers of Susan Anthony, Anna Dickinson, Lucy Stone, Mary Livermore and Julia Ward Howe.		J. MATTHEW GALLMAN, AMERICA’S JOAN OF ARC: THE LIFE OF ANNA ELIZABETH DICKINSON: THE STORY OF A REMARKABLE WOMAN (2006) describes the post-war rise of the Lyceums, and of James Redpath, the founder of the Lyceum movement at 66. Redpath was Dickinson’s impresario; also on his client list were Mark Twin, Henry Ward Beecher, Wendell Phillips, and many other well-known figures. ''See also'' CHARLES F. HORNER, THE LIFE OF JAMES REDPATH AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN LYCEUM (1926). A modern recounting of Redpath’s varied activities, ranging from colonizing in Haiti to supporting John Brown, to his much more successful Lyceum bureau is JOHN MCKIVIGAN, FORGOTTEN FIREBRAND: JAMES REDPATH AND THE MAKING OF NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICA (2008). Major J.B. Pond, ECCENTRICITIES OF GENIUS: MEMORIES OF FAMOUS MEN AND WOMEN OF THE PLATFORM AND STAGE (1900) is a delightful contemporary look at public lecturing. He has a separate section on “women lecturers and singers”, which covers the lecturing careers of Susan Anthony, Anna Dickinson, Lucy Stone, Mary Livermore and Julia Ward Howe.
		+
		+	The best known public orator in the late nineteenth century was Robert Ingersoll, (Marilla Ricker’s mentor; see Bibliographic Note: Women Lawyers History). Despite the fact that he was a free-thinker in religion, indeed the leader of the movement, Ingersoll drew huge audiences. He spoke on the clash of religion and science as his main subject, but also talked about women’s rights, civil rights for freedmen, and literary and historical subjects. In the days before radio and moving pictures he was said to have been heard and seen by more Americans than any other man in America. ''See generally'', Frank Smith, ROBERT G. INGERSOLL: A LIFE (1990).

	==Women Lecturers==		==Women Lecturers==
Line 12:		Line 14:

	Nineteenth century lecturers divided roughly into those that spoke mainly on a “cause” and those who focused more on entertainment or general education. Clara Foltz combined both modes, though she usually worked in mention of women's rights. Looking back on her lecturing career, Foltz wrote that: "I have spoken from the platform upon great themes, never omitting to mention woman suffrage straight." Foltz to Clara Colby, June 26, 1908 (Colby papers; Huntington Library. Like all the lecturers on the circuit, Foltz hoped to make money as well as converts.		Nineteenth century lecturers divided roughly into those that spoke mainly on a “cause” and those who focused more on entertainment or general education. Clara Foltz combined both modes, though she usually worked in mention of women's rights. Looking back on her lecturing career, Foltz wrote that: "I have spoken from the platform upon great themes, never omitting to mention woman suffrage straight." Foltz to Clara Colby, June 26, 1908 (Colby papers; Huntington Library. Like all the lecturers on the circuit, Foltz hoped to make money as well as converts.
		+
		+	Vivid accounts of lecturing in the nineteenth century are WARREN CHASE, FORTY YEARS ON THE SPIRITUAL ROSTRUM (1888) and MARY LIVERMORE, THE STORY OF MY LIFE (1897). (Foltz knew both these lecturers; Chase lived in San Jose in 1879-1880 and Mary Livermore lectured there and was entertained by Sarah Knox Goodrich, Struggles, May, 1916.) Both Chase and Livermore tell funny and harrowing stories of their travel experiences and relate that they stayed mostly in private homes rather than hotels. JILL NORGREN, BELVA LOCKWOOD, at 143-54, describes Lockwood’s platform experience over the eight years she took it up after the 1884 Presidential campaign, citing both Frances Willard and Elizabeth Stanton on the difficulties of travel and making arrangements. LORI D. GINZBURG, ELIZABETH CADY STANTON (2009) at 142-144 tells of the substantial sums Stanton was able to make as a lecturer in the early 1870s.

	===Foltz's First Lecturing Tour===		===Foltz's First Lecturing Tour===
		+	----

	On her initial lecturing tour in 1885, recounted in Chapter Two, Foltz had an agent to precede her, rent halls, alert the newspapers and organize sponsors. Frank Stechan was a theater manager in San Francisco who hoped ultimately to go into the “Lyceum” business, booking a stable of speakers into places large enough to have a lecture season. She and Stechan parted ways in Chicago, however, and Foltz signed up with the Slayton Lyceum Bureau, Belva Lockwood’s agent. Abigail Duniway reported these developments and added that Stechan had mishandled Foltz’s Portland lectures. Letter from Foltz to Duniway, N.Northwest, Feb. 1886. Henry Slayton was a lawyer, a lieutenant in a black regiment in the civil war, and an educator. His Lyceum was widely thought to be the first and best in the west. CHICAGO AND ITS DISTINGUISHED CITIZENS, (David Ward Wood, ed), (1881). He had many distinguished clients including Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan Anthony.		On her initial lecturing tour in 1885, recounted in Chapter Two, Foltz had an agent to precede her, rent halls, alert the newspapers and organize sponsors. Frank Stechan was a theater manager in San Francisco who hoped ultimately to go into the “Lyceum” business, booking a stable of speakers into places large enough to have a lecture season. She and Stechan parted ways in Chicago, however, and Foltz signed up with the Slayton Lyceum Bureau, Belva Lockwood’s agent. Abigail Duniway reported these developments and added that Stechan had mishandled Foltz’s Portland lectures. Letter from Foltz to Duniway, N.Northwest, Feb. 1886. Henry Slayton was a lawyer, a lieutenant in a black regiment in the civil war, and an educator. His Lyceum was widely thought to be the first and best in the west. CHICAGO AND ITS DISTINGUISHED CITIZENS, (David Ward Wood, ed), (1881). He had many distinguished clients including Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan Anthony.

-	~~The career of~~ Anna Dickinson, (described in Chapter 2) showed the financial possibilities of the lecture circuit. Dubbed “The Joan of Arc of the Unionist Cause,” she had been a major abolitionist speaker before and during the War. Afterwards, Dickinson became a celebrity on the Lyceum circuit (as well as a paid political orator) where she spoke on a variety of subjects, including women’s and freedmen’s rights. For awhile, she averaged 150 lectures, and as much as $20,000 (about $330,000 in modern times) a season. GALLMAN,supra at 66, and passim. See also JAMES HARVEY YOUNG, NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN (Anna Dickinson entry) 1980). Gallman described the 1888 campaign, Dickinson’s last on the political oratory circuit. She ended up suing the Republican Party for failing to pay her according to her contract. Id at 173-~~177. See also GIRAUD CHESTER, EMBATTLED MAIDEN: THE LIFE OF ANNA DICKINSON (1951).~~	+	===Anna Dickinson===
		+	---

-	~~Vivid accounts~~ of ~~lecturing~~ in the ~~nineteenth century are WARREN CHASE~~, ~~FORTY YEARS ON THE SPIRITUAL ROSTRUM (1888)~~ and ~~MARY LIVERMORE~~, ~~THE STORY OF MY LIFE~~ (~~1897~~)~~. (Foltz knew both these lecturers; Chase lived in San Jose in 1879-1880~~ and ~~Mary Livermore lectured there and was entertained by Sarah Knox Goodrich~~, ~~Struggles, May~~, ~~1916.) Both Chase~~ and ~~Livermore tell funny and harrowing stories of their travel experiences and relate that they stayed mostly~~ in ~~private homes rather than hotels~~. ~~JILL NORGREN, BELVA LOCKWOOD~~, at ~~143-54~~, ~~describes Lockwood’s platform experience over~~ the ~~eight years she took it up after the 1884 Presidential~~ campaign, ~~citing both Frances Willard and Elizabeth Stanton~~ on the ~~difficulties of travel and making arrangements~~. ~~LORI D~~. ~~GINZBURG~~, ~~ELIZABETH CADY STANTON~~ (~~2009~~) ~~at 142-144 tells of the substantial sums Stanton was able to make as a lecturer in the early 1870s~~.	+	The career of Anna Dickinson (described in Chapter 2) showed the financial possibilities of the lecture circuit. Dubbed “The Joan of Arc of the Unionist Cause,” she had been a major abolitionist speaker before and during the War. Afterwards, Dickinson became a celebrity on the Lyceum circuit (as well as a paid political orator) where she spoke on a variety of subjects, including women’s and freedmen’s rights. For awhile, she averaged 150 lectures, and as much as $20,000 (about $330,000 in modern times) a season. GALLMAN, at 66. ''See also'' JAMES HARVEY YOUNG, NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN (Anna Dickinson entry) 1980). Gallman described the 1888 campaign, Dickinson’s last on the political oratory circuit. She ended up suing the Republican Party for failing to pay her according to her contract. ''Id''. at 173-177. ''See also'' GIRAUD CHESTER, EMBATTLED MAIDEN: THE LIFE OF ANNA DICKINSON (1951).

-	~~The best known public orator in the late nineteenth century was Robert Ingersoll, (Marilla Ricker’s mentor; see Bibliographic Note: Women Lawyers History). Despite the fact that he was a free~~-thinker in religion, indeed the leader of the movement, Ingersoll drew huge audiences. He spoke on the clash of religion and science as his main subject, but also talked about women’s rights, civil rights for freedmen, and literary and historical subjects. In the days before radio and moving pictures he was said to have been heard and seen by more Americans than any other man in America. See generally, Frank Smith, ROBERT G. INGERSOLL: A LIFE (1990).	+	===Kate Field===
		+	----

-	Perhaps the woman lecturer most on a par with Ingersoll for drawing large audiences was Kate Field. GARY SCHARNHORST, KATE FIELD: THE MANY LIVES OF A NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICAN JOURNALIST (2008) is a full and readable biography of Field. Field’s San Diego visit, in which she and Foltz spent time together (see chapter 2) is described at 189-194, but does not mention Foltz. See David Baldwin, Kate Field Entry in NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN. For a vivid contemporary account of Field, LILIAN WHITING, KATE FIELD: A RECORD (1899).	+	Perhaps the woman lecturer most on a par with Ingersoll for drawing large audiences was Kate Field. GARY SCHARNHORST, KATE FIELD: THE MANY LIVES OF A NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICAN JOURNALIST (2008) is a full and readable biography of Field. Field’s San Diego visit, in which she and Foltz spent time together (see chapter 2) is described at 189-194, but does not mention Foltz. ''See'' David Baldwin, ''Kate Field Entry'' '' in'' NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN. For a vivid contemporary account of Field, see LILIAN WHITING, KATE FIELD: A RECORD (1899).

Jalss at 04:53, 21 December 2010

2010-12-21T04:53:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:53, 21 December 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	On the emergence of popular lecturing as a public event in the 1840s, and lecturing as “an act in the construction of a professional or intellectual career,” see Donald M Scott, ''The Popular Lecture and the Creation of a Public in Mid-Nineteenth-Century America'', 66 J. AM. HIST. 791, 793 (1980). See also Scott, ''The Profession That Vanished: Public Lecturing in Mid-Nineteenth Century America'', in PROFESSIONS AND PROFESSIONAL IDEOLOGY IN AMERICA (Gerald Gerson ed., 1983) (explaining the the rise and decline of lecturing as a profession). Scott tells how the new profession of lecturer gave rise to another occupation, Lyceum manager, a person who would book speakers into towns large enough to support a season, and help to make travel and other arrangements.	+	This Note discusses the emergence of

-	~~J. MATTHEW GALLMAN, AMERICA’S JOAN OF ARC: THE LIFE OF ANNA ELIZABETH DICKINSON: THE STORY OF A REMARKABLE WOMAN (2006) describes the post-war rise of the~~ Lyceums, and of James Redpath, the founder of the Lyceum movement at 66. Redpath was Dickinson’s impresario; also on his client list were Mark Twin, Henry Ward Beecher, Wendell Phillips, and many other well-known figures See also CHARLES F. HORNER, THE LIFE OF JAMES REDPATH AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN LYCEUM (1926). A modern recounting of Redpath’s varied activities, ranging from colonizing in Haiti to supporting John Brown, to his much more successful Lyceum bureau is JOHN MCKIVIGAN, FORGOTTEN FIREBRAND: JAMES REDPATH AND THE MAKING OF NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICA (2008). Major J.B. POND, ECCENTRICITIES OF GENIUS: MEMORIES OF FAMOUS MEN AND WOMEN OF THE PLATFORM AND STAGE (1900) is a delightful contemporary look at public lecturing. He has a separate section on “women lecturers and singers”, which covers the lecturing careers of Susan Anthony, Anna Dickinson, Lucy Stone, Mary Livermore and Julia Ward Howe.	+	==Lecturing and Lyceums Generally==

-	On ~~her initial~~ lecturing ~~tour~~ in ~~1885~~, ~~recounted~~ in ~~Chapter Two~~, ~~Foltz had an agent to precede her~~, ~~rent halls~~, ~~alert~~ the ~~newspapers~~ and ~~organize sponsors. Frank Stechan was~~ a ~~theater manager in San Francisco who hoped ultimately to go into~~ the ~~“Lyceum” business~~, ~~booking~~ a ~~stable of~~ speakers into ~~places~~ large enough to ~~have~~ a ~~lecture~~ season~~. She~~ and ~~Stechan parted ways in Chicago~~, ~~however~~, and ~~Foltz signed up with~~ the ~~Slayton~~ Lyceum ~~Bureau, Belva Lockwood’s agent~~. ~~Abigail Duniway reported these developments~~ and ~~added that Stechan had mishandled Foltz’s Portland lectures~~. ~~Letter from Foltz to Duniway, N~~.~~Northwest~~, ~~Feb~~. ~~1886. Henry Slayton was a lawyer~~, ~~a lieutenant~~ in ~~a black regiment in the civil war~~, ~~and an educator. His Lyceum was widely thought~~ to ~~be the first and best in the west. CHICAGO~~ AND ~~ITS DISTINGUISHED CITIZENS,~~ (~~David Ward Wood, ed~~), (~~1881~~). He ~~had many distinguished clients including Elizabeth Cady Stanton~~ and Susan Anthony.	+	On the emergence of popular lecturing as a public event in the 1840s and lecturing as “an act in the construction of a professional or intellectual career,” see Donald M Scott, ''The Popular Lecture and the Creation of a Public in Mid-Nineteenth-Century America'', 66 J. AM. HIST. 791, 793 (1980). ''See also'' Scott, ''The Profession That Vanished: Public Lecturing in Mid-Nineteenth Century America'', ''in'' PROFESSIONS AND PROFESSIONAL IDEOLOGY IN AMERICA (Gerald Gerson ed., 1983) (explaining the the rise and decline of lecturing as a profession). Scott tells how the new profession of lecturer gave rise to another occupation, Lyceum manager, a person who would book speakers into towns large enough to support a season, and help to make travel and other arrangements.
		+
		+	J. MATTHEW GALLMAN, AMERICA’S JOAN OF ARC: THE LIFE OF ANNA ELIZABETH DICKINSON: THE STORY OF A REMARKABLE WOMAN (2006) describes the post-war rise of the Lyceums, and of James Redpath, the founder of the Lyceum movement at 66. Redpath was Dickinson’s impresario; also on his client list were Mark Twin, Henry Ward Beecher, Wendell Phillips, and many other well-known figures. ''See also'' CHARLES F. HORNER, THE LIFE OF JAMES REDPATH AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN LYCEUM (1926). A modern recounting of Redpath’s varied activities, ranging from colonizing in Haiti to supporting John Brown, to his much more successful Lyceum bureau is JOHN MCKIVIGAN, FORGOTTEN FIREBRAND: JAMES REDPATH AND THE MAKING OF NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICA (2008). Major J.B. Pond, ECCENTRICITIES OF GENIUS: MEMORIES OF FAMOUS MEN AND WOMEN OF THE PLATFORM AND STAGE (1900) is a delightful contemporary look at public lecturing. He has a separate section on “women lecturers and singers”, which covers the lecturing careers of Susan Anthony, Anna Dickinson, Lucy Stone, Mary Livermore and Julia Ward Howe.
		+
		+	==Women Lecturers==

	Women sought the right to speak publicly as part of the movement that started at Seneca Falls in 1848. Women lecturers often got their start, as Laura Gordon had, as Spiritualist trance speakers, giving voice to deceased figures. They came into their own as speakers on abolition such as Anna Dickinson, the Grimke sisters, Lucy Stone and Susan Anthony. To their orations against slavery, some of the women lecturers added their own lack of liberty. By the mid -80’s when Clara Foltz did her nationwide touring, there were a number of women on the platform, though her sex was still a point of comment. On women in the lecture field generally, see KARLYN KOHRS CAMPBELL, 1 MAN CANNOT SPEAK FOR HER: A CRITICAL STUDY OF EARLY FEMINIST RHETORIC (1989); WOMEN PUBLIC SPEAKERS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1800-1925: A BIOCRITICAL SOURCEBOOK (Karlyn Kohrs Campbell ed., 1993); NAN JOHNSON, GENDER AND RHETORICAL SPACE IN AMERICAN LIFE 1866-1910 (2002).		Women sought the right to speak publicly as part of the movement that started at Seneca Falls in 1848. Women lecturers often got their start, as Laura Gordon had, as Spiritualist trance speakers, giving voice to deceased figures. They came into their own as speakers on abolition such as Anna Dickinson, the Grimke sisters, Lucy Stone and Susan Anthony. To their orations against slavery, some of the women lecturers added their own lack of liberty. By the mid -80’s when Clara Foltz did her nationwide touring, there were a number of women on the platform, though her sex was still a point of comment. On women in the lecture field generally, see KARLYN KOHRS CAMPBELL, 1 MAN CANNOT SPEAK FOR HER: A CRITICAL STUDY OF EARLY FEMINIST RHETORIC (1989); WOMEN PUBLIC SPEAKERS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1800-1925: A BIOCRITICAL SOURCEBOOK (Karlyn Kohrs Campbell ed., 1993); NAN JOHNSON, GENDER AND RHETORICAL SPACE IN AMERICAN LIFE 1866-1910 (2002).

	Nineteenth century lecturers divided roughly into those that spoke mainly on a “cause” and those who focused more on entertainment or general education. Clara Foltz combined both modes, though she usually worked in mention of women's rights. Looking back on her lecturing career, Foltz wrote that: "I have spoken from the platform upon great themes, never omitting to mention woman suffrage straight." Foltz to Clara Colby, June 26, 1908 (Colby papers; Huntington Library. Like all the lecturers on the circuit, Foltz hoped to make money as well as converts.		Nineteenth century lecturers divided roughly into those that spoke mainly on a “cause” and those who focused more on entertainment or general education. Clara Foltz combined both modes, though she usually worked in mention of women's rights. Looking back on her lecturing career, Foltz wrote that: "I have spoken from the platform upon great themes, never omitting to mention woman suffrage straight." Foltz to Clara Colby, June 26, 1908 (Colby papers; Huntington Library. Like all the lecturers on the circuit, Foltz hoped to make money as well as converts.
		+
		+	===Foltz's First Lecturing Tour===
		+
		+	On her initial lecturing tour in 1885, recounted in Chapter Two, Foltz had an agent to precede her, rent halls, alert the newspapers and organize sponsors. Frank Stechan was a theater manager in San Francisco who hoped ultimately to go into the “Lyceum” business, booking a stable of speakers into places large enough to have a lecture season. She and Stechan parted ways in Chicago, however, and Foltz signed up with the Slayton Lyceum Bureau, Belva Lockwood’s agent. Abigail Duniway reported these developments and added that Stechan had mishandled Foltz’s Portland lectures. Letter from Foltz to Duniway, N.Northwest, Feb. 1886. Henry Slayton was a lawyer, a lieutenant in a black regiment in the civil war, and an educator. His Lyceum was widely thought to be the first and best in the west. CHICAGO AND ITS DISTINGUISHED CITIZENS, (David Ward Wood, ed), (1881). He had many distinguished clients including Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan Anthony.

	The career of Anna Dickinson, (described in Chapter 2) showed the financial possibilities of the lecture circuit. Dubbed “The Joan of Arc of the Unionist Cause,” she had been a major abolitionist speaker before and during the War. Afterwards, Dickinson became a celebrity on the Lyceum circuit (as well as a paid political orator) where she spoke on a variety of subjects, including women’s and freedmen’s rights. For awhile, she averaged 150 lectures, and as much as $20,000 (about $330,000 in modern times) a season. GALLMAN,supra at 66, and passim. See also JAMES HARVEY YOUNG, NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN (Anna Dickinson entry) 1980). Gallman described the 1888 campaign, Dickinson’s last on the political oratory circuit. She ended up suing the Republican Party for failing to pay her according to her contract. Id at 173-177. See also GIRAUD CHESTER, EMBATTLED MAIDEN: THE LIFE OF ANNA DICKINSON (1951).		The career of Anna Dickinson, (described in Chapter 2) showed the financial possibilities of the lecture circuit. Dubbed “The Joan of Arc of the Unionist Cause,” she had been a major abolitionist speaker before and during the War. Afterwards, Dickinson became a celebrity on the Lyceum circuit (as well as a paid political orator) where she spoke on a variety of subjects, including women’s and freedmen’s rights. For awhile, she averaged 150 lectures, and as much as $20,000 (about $330,000 in modern times) a season. GALLMAN,supra at 66, and passim. See also JAMES HARVEY YOUNG, NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN (Anna Dickinson entry) 1980). Gallman described the 1888 campaign, Dickinson’s last on the political oratory circuit. She ended up suing the Republican Party for failing to pay her according to her contract. Id at 173-177. See also GIRAUD CHESTER, EMBATTLED MAIDEN: THE LIFE OF ANNA DICKINSON (1951).

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	Vivid accounts of lecturing in the nineteenth century are WARREN CHASE, FORTY YEARS ON THE SPIRITUAL ROSTRUM (1888) and MARY LIVERMORE, THE STORY OF MY LIFE (1897). (Foltz knew both these lecturers; Chase lived in San Jose in 1879-1880 and Mary Livermore lectured there and was entertained by Sarah Knox Goodrich, Struggles, May, 1916.) Both Chase and Livermore tell funny and harrowing stories of their travel experiences and relate that they stayed mostly in private homes rather than hotels. JILL NORGREN, BELVA LOCKWOOD, at 143-54, describes Lockwood’s platform experience over the eight years she took it up after the 1884 Presidential campaign, citing both Frances Willard and Elizabeth Stanton on the difficulties of travel and making arrangements. LORI D. GINZBURG, ELIZABETH CADY STANTON (2009) at 142-144 tells of the substantial sums Stanton was able to make as a lecturer in the early 1870s.		Vivid accounts of lecturing in the nineteenth century are WARREN CHASE, FORTY YEARS ON THE SPIRITUAL ROSTRUM (1888) and MARY LIVERMORE, THE STORY OF MY LIFE (1897). (Foltz knew both these lecturers; Chase lived in San Jose in 1879-1880 and Mary Livermore lectured there and was entertained by Sarah Knox Goodrich, Struggles, May, 1916.) Both Chase and Livermore tell funny and harrowing stories of their travel experiences and relate that they stayed mostly in private homes rather than hotels. JILL NORGREN, BELVA LOCKWOOD, at 143-54, describes Lockwood’s platform experience over the eight years she took it up after the 1884 Presidential campaign, citing both Frances Willard and Elizabeth Stanton on the difficulties of travel and making arrangements. LORI D. GINZBURG, ELIZABETH CADY STANTON (2009) at 142-144 tells of the substantial sums Stanton was able to make as a lecturer in the early 1870s.

-	The best known public orator in the late nineteenth century was Robert Ingersoll, (Marilla Ricker’s mentor; see Bibliographic Note: Women Lawyers History). Despite the fact that he was a free-thinker in religion, indeed the leader of the movement, Ingersoll drew huge audiences. He spoke on the clash of religion and science as his main subject, but also talked about women’s rights, civil rights for freedmen, and literary and historical subjects. In the days before radio and moving pictures he was said to have been heard and seen by more Americans than any other man in America. See generally, Frank Smith, ROBERT G. INGERSOLL: A LIFE.	+	The best known public orator in the late nineteenth century was Robert Ingersoll, (Marilla Ricker’s mentor; see Bibliographic Note: Women Lawyers History). Despite the fact that he was a free-thinker in religion, indeed the leader of the movement, Ingersoll drew huge audiences. He spoke on the clash of religion and science as his main subject, but also talked about women’s rights, civil rights for freedmen, and literary and historical subjects. In the days before radio and moving pictures he was said to have been heard and seen by more Americans than any other man in America. See generally, Frank Smith, ROBERT G. INGERSOLL: A LIFE (1990).

	Perhaps the woman lecturer most on a par with Ingersoll for drawing large audiences was Kate Field. GARY SCHARNHORST, KATE FIELD: THE MANY LIVES OF A NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICAN JOURNALIST (2008) is a full and readable biography of Field. Field’s San Diego visit, in which she and Foltz spent time together (see chapter 2) is described at 189-194, but does not mention Foltz. See David Baldwin, Kate Field Entry in NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN. For a vivid contemporary account of Field, LILIAN WHITING, KATE FIELD: A RECORD (1899).		Perhaps the woman lecturer most on a par with Ingersoll for drawing large audiences was Kate Field. GARY SCHARNHORST, KATE FIELD: THE MANY LIVES OF A NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICAN JOURNALIST (2008) is a full and readable biography of Field. Field’s San Diego visit, in which she and Foltz spent time together (see chapter 2) is described at 189-194, but does not mention Foltz. See David Baldwin, Kate Field Entry in NOTABLE AMERICAN WOMEN. For a vivid contemporary account of Field, LILIAN WHITING, KATE FIELD: A RECORD (1899).